Oral Mucosal Conditions

Oral Lichen Planus is a long-lasting condition affecting the mucous membranes in the mouth. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the cells in the mouth lining. This can lead to white patches, redness, and swelling. The exact cause is unknown, but factors like genetics, certain medications, and stress may trigger it. Symptoms can include a burning sensation, pain while eating, and sensitivity to spicy or acidic foods. While it is not contagious, people with oral lichen planus need regular dental check-ups due to a slightly increased risk of oral cancer.

 

Geographic Tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, is a harmless condition characterized by irregular, smooth, red patches on the tongue that can change location. It occurs when the surface of the tongue's papillae (tiny bumps) are lost in certain areas, leading to a map-like appearance. The cause is not fully understood, but it may be linked to factors like stress, hormonal changes, and certain allergies. While it is usually painless, some people may experience sensitivity to certain foods. Geographic tongue is not contagious and typically does not require treatment.

 

Leukoplakia is a condition where thick, white patches form on the mucous membranes in the mouth. It occurs due to irritation, often from tobacco use, alcohol consumption, or chronic irritation from rough teeth or dental appliances. The white patches can vary in texture and may be flat or raised. While leukoplakia itself is not harmful, it can sometimes indicate precancerous changes in the mouth, so it is important to have any persistent patches evaluated by a dentist. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause, such as quitting smoking or improving dental hygiene.

 

Burning Mouth Syndrome is characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth, often affecting the tongue, gums, and lips. The exact cause is unclear, but it may be linked to factors like hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, or oral conditions. People with this syndrome may also experience a dry mouth or a metallic taste. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may come and go. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and addressing any underlying health issues.

 

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune condition that causes blistering and sores on mucous membranes, including the mouth. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the tissues that connect the mucous membranes to the underlying tissue. Symptoms include painful blisters, sores, and difficulty eating or swallowing. The exact cause is not well understood, but it may be associated with other autoimmune disorders. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms, and regular monitoring is necessary to prevent complications.

 

Pemphigus Vulgaris is another autoimmune disorder that leads to painful blisters and sores on the skin and mucous membranes, including the mouth. It occurs when the immune system attacks proteins that help skin cells stick together, causing the skin to separate and form blisters. Symptoms include painful sores, difficulty swallowing, and a burning sensation in the mouth. The cause is not fully understood, but it may involve genetic and environmental factors. Treatment usually requires immunosuppressive medications to control the immune response and prevent blister formation.

 

Stomatitis refers to inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, which can result from various causes, including infections, allergies, or irritants. Symptoms include swelling, redness, and sores in the mouth, which can cause pain and discomfort. It can occur due to conditions like viral infections (e.g., herpes), nutritional deficiencies, or reactions to medications. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and maintaining good oral hygiene.

 

Angular Cheilitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and cracking at the corners of the mouth. It occurs when the skin in these areas becomes irritated, often due to factors like moisture, fungal infections, or nutritional deficiencies (such as vitamin B12 or iron). Symptoms include redness, swelling, and painful cracks or sores. Treatment may involve topical antifungal or antibacterial creams, as well as addressing any underlying nutritional deficiencies. Maintaining good oral hygiene and keeping the corners of the mouth dry can help prevent this condition.